How do I cite in Chicago?

Answer

Chicago is the citation style for writing history research papers. A full guide to using Chicago citations for different materials can be found at Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). 

Most of the time you'll be using citations within your paper that refer to a list of references (or works cited) at the end of your paper. This will either be the author date system (AD) or the notes and bibliography system (NB) and your instructor will specify which they want.

Author Date

The author date system uses in-text citations.The components of this in-text citation are the author, the year, and the page number, and can either be written with the year of the work in parenthesis after the author's name and the page number at the end of the sentence, or if the author isn't mentioned in the sentence, the author, year and page number go in parenthesis at the end of the sentence.

Roess and Sansone (2013) use the increase of patent applications for equipment related to elevated railroads throughout the 19th century to show that many people realized it was time to move away from horse-drawn transportation (93).

Instead of railways, some actually proposed elaborate looped moving sidewalks (Roess and Sansone 2013, 98).

At the end of the paper, the works cited are gathered on a page titled References.

Notes Bibliography

The other method of indicating sources throughout the paper is the NB or Notes Bibliography method which uses footnotes that are formatted slightly differently than the bibliography entries. Whenever a source is quoted or its argument paraphrased, a number is placed at the end of the sentence, with the footnote corresponding to that number appearing in the footer of the paper.

If the same source is used two footnotes in a row, Ibid. is written instead of the author name and then only the page number is cited. When you return to a work again in your paper, instead of putting the full bibliographic information, you just write the author name, title of work (shortened if necessary) and page number.

Roess and Sansone use the increase of patent applications for equipment related to elevated railroads throughout the 19th century to show that many people realized it was time to move away from horse-drawn transportation.Instead of railways, some actually proposed elaborate looped moving sidewalks. There were also underground pneumatic subways being tested at this time.3

Charles T. Harvey's elevated railroad line was tested on Greenwich Street, between the Battery and Morris Street on December 7, 1867.4

-------

1. Robert P. Roess and Gene Sansone, The Wheels that Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System (New York: Springer, 2013), 93.

2. Ibid., 98.

3. Jane Mushabac, Angela Wigan and the Museum of the City of New  York, A Short and Remarkable History of New York City (New York: Oxford University Press USA, 1999), 61.

4. Robert P. Roess and Gene Sansone,The Wheels that Drove New York, 100.

Footnote Formatting for a Book:

1. Firstname Lastname, Title of Book (Place of  publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.

1. Robert P. Roess and Gene Sansone, The Wheels that Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System, (New York: Springer, 2013), 93.

Footnote Formatting for an Article:

Note, no Vol. is put in front of the volume number, just the volume itself. 

1. FirstName LastName, "Title of Article," Title of Journal ##, no. ## (Year): Page Number.

1. Robert L. Reid, "New York Subway Construction Delayed by Colonial Walls," Civil Engineering 76, no. 3 (2006): 29 

Please note that there may be different requirements for articles from databases.

Reference formatting

Whether you used the Author Date system or the Notes Bibliography system throughout your paper the references at the end of the document are formatted the same.

Book

Lastname, Firstname, Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

Roess, Robert P. and Gene Sansone, The Wheels that Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System. New York: Springer, 2013.

Article

Note, no Vol. is put in front of the volume number, just the volume itself. 

Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Title of Journal ##, no. ## (Year): ppp-ppp.

Reid, Robert L., "New York Subway Construction Delayed by Colonial Walls." Civil Engineering 76, no. 3 (2006): 28-30. 

Please note that there may be different requirements for articles from databases.

For information on how to cite other kinds of sources, you can consult the Purdue OWL guide, The Research and Documentation Guide Online: History, or the Chicago Manual of Style Online.

cover of the Chicago Manual of StyleThere is a copy of the Chicago Manual of Style that has been put on reserve if you want to consult it while adding your citations. You can ask for it at the circulation desk.

 

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  • Last Updated Feb 06, 2023
  • Views 40
  • Answered By Laurin Paradise

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